R39

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High-Priority Return Code

This ACH return code applies specifically to check conversion transactions using ARC, BOC, or POP Standard Entry Class codes and indicates that the receiving bank has determined the original paper check doesn't meet NACHA requirements for electronic processing. Unlike R37 where customers identify issues, R39 occurs when the bank itself identifies problems with the source document during processing review.

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Error message: "The RDFI determines that the source document used for an ARC, BOC, or POP entry to its Receiver's account is improper."

What Causes ACH Return Code R39?

The R39 ACH return code means "Improper Source Document/Source Document Presented for Payment" and indicates that the receiving bank has determined the original paper check used for electronic conversion doesn't meet NACHA requirements for ARC, BOC, or POP transactions. This is different from R37, where customers identify duplicate payment issues - R39 occurs when banks identify fundamental problems with the source document itself.

R39 returns happen when checks are ineligible for electronic conversion due to issues like improper document type, missing required information, alterations, or violations of NACHA operating rules. The receiving bank reviews the converted transaction and determines the original check didn't qualify for electronic processing according to established standards.

Can You Retry R39 Payments?

You cannot retry R39 payments using the same source document because the bank has determined it's fundamentally improper for electronic conversion. You must obtain a new, compliant source document that meets NACHA requirements, or seek alternative payment methods from the customer.

Common Causes

Check was not a consumer check eligible for conversion (money order, cashier's check, business check)

Source document was altered, damaged, or incomplete when received

Check indicated payment was already made or processed elsewhere

Missing required signatures or endorsements on the original document

Violation of NACHA operating rules for check conversion transactions

Key Information

Return timeframe: 2 banking days following processing

Specific to ARC, BOC, and POP check conversion entries

Bank identifies the issue, not the customer

Cannot be resolved at merchant level - requires banking institution coordination

Source document must be replaced with compliant version

How to Respond to an R39 Code

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An R39 return indicates the bank identified fundamental problems with the source document used for electronic conversion, requiring coordination with banking institutions and obtaining compliant documentation.

When Your Customer's Payment Fails

Contact Your Bank for Specific Details
Reach out to understand exactly what made the source document improper according to NACHA requirements.
Do Not Retry with Same Document
Since the bank has determined the original check is improper, attempting to reprocess will likely result in another return.
Review Document Handling Procedures
Examine your check conversion processes to understand how improper documents entered your system.
Request New Payment from Customer
Ask for a new, compliant form of payment that meets electronic conversion requirements.

Email Template

Subject: Payment Processing Issue - New Payment Method Needed

Hi [Customer Name],

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We encountered an issue processing your check payment electronically. The receiving bank determined that the original check doesn't meet the technical requirements for electronic conversion.

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This is not related to your account balance or authorization, but rather specific formatting or document requirements for electronic processing. The bank handles these technical compliance issues at the institutional level.

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To complete your payment, we'll need to arrange an alternative method. Could you please provide a new check that meets electronic processing requirements, or would you prefer to use a different payment method?

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We appreciate your understanding and will process your payment immediately once we receive compliant documentation.

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[Your Company Name]

When Your Payment to Vendors Fails

An R39 return on vendor payments means the bank identified problems with the original check you attempted to convert electronically. This requires obtaining new, compliant documentation from the vendor or switching to alternative payment methods.

Contact your bank to understand what specific issues made the source document improper for conversion
Review your check conversion procedures to prevent similar issues with future vendor payments
Request a new check from the vendor that meets NACHA requirements for electronic conversion
Consider alternative payment methods like ACH credits, wire transfers, or traditional check processing if conversion issues persist